Mac OS使用
概述
触控板很舒服，系统很快，偶尔发热
mac os的操作记录
mac 操作
双指同时在触摸板上滑动表示滚轮
双指同时按压表示右键（或者安装option+单击）
三指同时左右滑动切换桌面，三指上滑到桌面栏
command+shift+3全屏截屏
command+shift+4选取截屏
所有打开应用程序的菜单栏在最上面
Mac os设置
自带git
mac可以通过app store安装文件，也可以通过浏览器下载，mac 安装文件为dmg或者zip，安装时把图标拖进应用程序
mac通过访达访问文件，通过启动台启动程序，
~代表到用户名的路径，pwd代表根目录，
在用户名下创建.bashrc文件，通过编辑代码设置环境变量，但是由于.bashrc在mac系统不自动运行，创建.zshrc文件，此文件能自动运行，编辑source .bashrc，
mac和ubuntu一样，有隐藏文件夹，command+shift+p开启（ubuntu按键不一样）
环境变量
在用户下新建.bashrc和.zbash文件，在文件中添加语句配置环境变量
安装brew
brew是mac os和linux包管理工具，是比较方便的
有四部分，brew、homebrew-core、homebrew-cask、homebrew-bottles
官网默认的安装方式为
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"raw.githubusercontent.com这个网站常常不稳定，如果被拒可以使用中科大镜像
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ineo6/homebrew-install/install)"如果卡在
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into 中断安装，先执行
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps"
mkdir homebrew && cd homebrew
git clone git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git看到==> installstion successful即为安装成功，最后更新源
brew updates检查源
# brew.git镜像源
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote -v
# homebrew-core.git镜像源
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote -v
# homebrew-cask.git镜像源
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote -v 更换源
cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
brew update恢复原有镜像
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git如果没有更新尝试以下方法
brew doctor
brew update-reset
brew update报错
Another active Homebrew update process is already in progress
在终端输入
rm -rf /usr/local/var/homebrew/locksmac文件夹介绍
Mac目录下打开Macintosh HD硬盘可以看到四个文件夹：应用程序(application)、系统(System)、用户(User)、资料库(Library)
1.Application存放各种软件
2.System包含由Apple安装的系统软件，位于启动卷宗
3.Library系统资源库，比如字体、ColorSync配置、偏好设置以及插件都安装在Library目录下适当的子目录
4.User包含了某个用户专有的资源，这里也有一个Library
user下的目录：
bin：储存基本的UNIX指令，系统所需要的基本命令位于此目录，如ls、cp、mkdir等。这个文件夹是包含在path系统变量里面
sbin：储存比较进阶的UNIX指令，大多是涉及系统管理的命令，是超级权限用户root的可执行命令存放地，
etc：系统设定档案储存的地方
tmp：临时目录，有些文件用了一两次就不会被用到，linux系统会定期对这个文件夹进行清理
usr：UNIX的使用者专用挡文件夹
移动硬盘
Mac 默认只支持，不支持NFTS格式的硬盘，无法进行读写操作。
需要借助工具Mounty for NTFS
Mounty for NTFS的主页https://mounty.app/
点击here下载、安装，
插入硬盘后mounty显示加载提示，选择将硬盘挂载为读写模式
终端
终端网络代理
在.shrc中添加语句
export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8001"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8001"
export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8001"
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8001"也可以
在当前用户根目录新建一个文件名为 \.bash_profile** 的空白文本**「. 开头文件为隐藏文件」，然后输入以下代码：
function proxy_off(){
unset http_proxy
unset https_proxy
unset ftp_proxy
unset rsync_proxy
echo -e "已关闭代理"
}
function proxy_on() {
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890" ## 代理的端口
export https_proxy=$http_proxy
export ftp_proxy=$http_proxy
export rsync_proxy=$http_proxy
export HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
export HTTPS_PROXY=$http_proxy
export FTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
export RSYNC_PROXY=$http_proxy
echo -e "已开启代理"
}然后在终端中输入命令开启代理
source ~/.bash_profile
proxy_on关闭代理
proxy_off需要注意的是，该代码为一次性的，当关闭终端界面时，需要再次输入才能让终端走代理
source ~/.bash_profile
proxy_on设置终端快捷键
打开automator，
双击运行apple script，输入代码
on run(input,parameters)
tell application "Terminal"
reopen
activate
end tell
end run 点击右上角运行，运行成功
关闭界面，保存为“Open Terminal”
打开系统偏好设置，选择键盘
选择快捷键--服务--通用--open terminal
设置快捷键为ctrl+alt+t
好用的软件
终端软件
Iterm
下载地址：https://iterm2.com/version3.html
下载的是压缩文件，解压后是执行程序文件，你可以直接双击，或者直接将它拖到 Applications 目录下。
https://www.cnblogs.com/xishuai/p/mac-iterm2.html
Iterm快捷键
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Command+t | 新建标签 |
| Command+w | 关闭标签 |
| Command+左右方向键/数字 | 切换标签 |
| Command+enter | 切换全屏 |
| Command+f | 查找 |
| Command+d | 垂直分屏 |
| Command+shift+d | 水平分屏 |
| Command+; | 查看历史命令 |
| Command+shift+h | 查看剪贴板历史 |
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| ctrl+l | 清屏 |
| ctrl+a | 到行首 |
| ctrl+e | 到行尾 |
| ctrl+f/b | 前进/后退 |
| ctrl+p | 上一条命令 |
| ctrl+r | 搜索命令历史 |
| ctrl+u | 清除当前行 |
ZenTermLite
Starship
命令行提示工具
https://github.com/starship/starship
nushell
tabby
tmux
fishshell
wezterm
wezterm 是 @wez 利用 Rust 开发的一款终端模拟器。和 microsoft/terminal 还有 ITerm 类似.
支持的特性也特别多，比较有特色的是可以通过 lua 来配置或者增加一些特性。比方把 ~/.ssh/config 中的 host 直插入到 wezterm 中的 launch_menu , 在打开 launch_menu 的时候可以通过 / 来查找
在快捷键支持这块有一个 leader key 的设定类似 vim 或者 emacs 里面的快捷键配置.
安装
brew install --verbose --debug --cask wez/wezterm/wezterm下面是鼓捣出来一个配置，如果有兴趣尝试的话可以试试看。把这个配置放到 ~/.config/wezterm/wezterm.lua 就可以了
local function basename(s)
return string.gsub(s, "(.*[/\\])(.*)", "%2")
end
local wezterm = require "wezterm"
local SOLID_LEFT_ARROW = utf8.char(0xe0ba)
local SOLID_LEFT_MOST = utf8.char(0x2588)
local SOLID_RIGHT_ARROW = utf8.char(0xe0bc)
local ADMIN_ICON = utf8.char(0xf49c)
local CMD_ICON = utf8.char(0xe62a)
local NU_ICON = utf8.char(0xe7a8)
local PS_ICON = utf8.char(0xe70f)
local ELV_ICON = utf8.char(0xfc6f)
local WSL_ICON = utf8.char(0xf83c)
local YORI_ICON = utf8.char(0xf1d4)
local NYA_ICON = utf8.char(0xf61a)
local VIM_ICON = utf8.char(0xe62b)
local PAGER_ICON = utf8.char(0xf718)
local FUZZY_ICON = utf8.char(0xf0b0)
local HOURGLASS_ICON = utf8.char(0xf252)
local SUNGLASS_ICON = utf8.char(0xf9df)
local PYTHON_ICON = utf8.char(0xf820)
local NODE_ICON = utf8.char(0xe74e)
local DENO_ICON = utf8.char(0xe628)
local LAMBDA_ICON = utf8.char(0xfb26)
local SUP_IDX = {"¹","²","³","⁴","⁵","⁶","⁷","⁸","⁹","¹⁰",
"¹¹","¹²","¹³","¹⁴","¹⁵","¹⁶","¹⁷","¹⁸","¹⁹","²⁰"}
local SUB_IDX = {"₁","₂","₃","₄","₅","₆","₇","₈","₉","₁₀",
"₁₁","₁₂","₁₃","₁₄","₁₅","₁₆","₁₇","₁₈","₁₉","₂₀"}
local launch_menu = {}
local ssh_cmd = {"ssh"}
if wezterm.target_triple == "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" then
ssh_cmd = {"powershell.exe", "ssh"}
table.insert(
launch_menu,
{
label = "PowerShell Core",
args = {"pwsh.exe", "-NoLogo"}
}
)
table.insert(
launch_menu,
{
label = "NyaGOS",
args = {"nyagos.exe", "--glob"},
}
)
end
local ssh_config_file = wezterm.home_dir .. "/.ssh/config"
local f = io.open(ssh_config_file)
if f then
local line = f:read("*l")
while line do
if line:find("Host ") == 1 then
local host = line:gsub("Host ", "")
table.insert(
launch_menu,
{
label = "SSH " .. host,
args = {"ssh", host}
}
)
end
line = f:read("*l")
end
f:close()
end
local mouse_bindings = {
{
event = {Down = {streak = 1, button = "Right"}},
mods = "NONE",
action = wezterm.action {PasteFrom = "Clipboard"}
},
-- Change the default click behavior so that it only selects
-- text and doesn't open hyperlinks
{
event = {Up = {streak = 1, button = "Left"}},
mods = "NONE",
action = wezterm.action {CompleteSelection = "PrimarySelection"}
},
-- and make CTRL-Click open hyperlinks
{
event = {Up = {streak = 1, button = "Left"}},
mods = "CTRL",
action = "OpenLinkAtMouseCursor"
}
}
wezterm.on("format-tab-title", function(tab, tabs, panes, config, hover, max_width)
local edge_background = "#121212"
local background = "#4E4E4E"
local foreground = "#1C1B19"
local dim_foreground = "#3A3A3A"
if tab.is_active then
background = "#FBB829"
foreground = "#1C1B19"
elseif hover then
background = "#FF8700"
foreground = "#1C1B19"
end
local edge_foreground = background
local process_name = tab.active_pane.foreground_process_name
local pane_title = tab.active_pane.title
local exec_name = basename(process_name):gsub("%.exe$", "")
local title_with_icon
if exec_name == "nu" then
title_with_icon = NU_ICON .. " NuShell"
elseif exec_name == "pwsh" then
title_with_icon = PS_ICON .. " PS"
elseif exec_name == "cmd" then
title_with_icon = CMD_ICON .. " CMD"
elseif exec_name == "elvish" then
title_with_icon = ELV_ICON .. " Elvish"
elseif exec_name == "wsl" or exec_name == "wslhost" then
title_with_icon = WSL_ICON .. " WSL"
elseif exec_name == "nyagos" then
title_with_icon = NYA_ICON .. " " .. pane_title:gsub(".*: (.+) %- .+", "%1")
elseif exec_name == "yori" then
title_with_icon = YORI_ICON .. " " .. pane_title:gsub(" %- Yori", "")
elseif exec_name == "nvim" then
title_with_icon = VIM_ICON .. pane_title:gsub("^(%S+)%s+(%d+/%d+) %- nvim", " %2 %1")
elseif exec_name == "bat" or exec_name == "less" or exec_name == "moar" then
title_with_icon = PAGER_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:upper()
elseif exec_name == "fzf" or exec_name == "hs" or exec_name == "peco" then
title_with_icon = FUZZY_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:upper()
elseif exec_name == "btm" or exec_name == "ntop" then
title_with_icon = SUNGLASS_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:upper()
elseif exec_name == "python" or exec_name == "hiss" then
title_with_icon = PYTHON_ICON .. " " .. exec_name
elseif exec_name == "node" then
title_with_icon = NODE_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:upper()
elseif exec_name == "deno" then
title_with_icon = DENO_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:upper()
elseif exec_name == "bb" or exec_name == "cmd-clj" or exec_name == "janet" or exec_name == "hy" then
title_with_icon = LAMBDA_ICON .. " " .. exec_name:gsub("bb", "Babashka"):gsub("cmd%-clj", "Clojure")
else
title_with_icon = HOURGLASS_ICON .. " " .. exec_name
end
if pane_title:match("^Administrator: ") then
title_with_icon = title_with_icon .. " " .. ADMIN_ICON
end
local left_arrow = SOLID_LEFT_ARROW
if tab.tab_index == 0 then
left_arrow = SOLID_LEFT_MOST
end
local id = SUB_IDX[tab.tab_index+1]
local pid = SUP_IDX[tab.active_pane.pane_index+1]
local title = " " .. wezterm.truncate_right(title_with_icon, max_width-6) .. " "
return {
{Attribute={Intensity="Bold"}},
{Background={Color=edge_background}},
{Foreground={Color=edge_foreground}},
{Text=left_arrow},
{Background={Color=background}},
{Foreground={Color=foreground}},
{Text=id},
{Text=title},
{Foreground={Color=dim_foreground}},
{Text=pid},
{Background={Color=edge_background}},
{Foreground={Color=edge_foreground}},
{Text=SOLID_RIGHT_ARROW},
{Attribute={Intensity="Normal"}},
}
end)
wezterm.on(
"update-right-status",
function(window)
local date = wezterm.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ")
window:set_right_status(
wezterm.format(
{
{Text = date}
}
)
)
end
)
local default_prog = {"pwsh.exe"}
return {
set_environment_variables = {
PATH = wezterm.executable_dir .. ";" .. os.getenv("PATH"),
},
window_frame = window_frame, -- needed only if using fancy tab
window_background_opacity = 0.8,
launch_menu = launch_menu,
mouse_bindings = mouse_bindings,
disable_default_key_bindings = true,
default_prog = default_prog,
font = wezterm.font("Fira Code"),
colors = {
tab_bar = {
background = TAB_BAR_BG,
},
},
text_background_opacity = 0.95,
leader = { key="x", mods = "CTRL"},
keys = {
{ key = "`", mods = "LEADER|CTRL", action=wezterm.action{SendString="`"}},
{ key = "v", mods = "CTRL", action=wezterm.action{PasteFrom = "Clipboard"}},
{ key = "-", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{SplitVertical={domain="CurrentPaneDomain"}}},
{ key = "\\",mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{SplitHorizontal={domain="CurrentPaneDomain"}}},
{ key = "c", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{SpawnTab="CurrentPaneDomain"}},
{key="h",mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivatePaneDirection="Left"}},
{key="j", mods = "LEADER",action=wezterm.action{ActivatePaneDirection="Up"}},
{key="k", mods = "LEADER",action=wezterm.action{ActivatePaneDirection="Down"}},
{key="l", mods = "LEADER",action=wezterm.action{ActivatePaneDirection="Right"}},
{key = ",", mods = "LEADER", action = "ShowLauncher"},
{key = "b", mods = "LEADER", action = "ShowTabNavigator"},
{ key = "f", mods = "LEADER", action = "QuickSelect" },
{ key = "\t", mods = "LEADER", action="ActivateLastTab"},
{ key = "1", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=0}},
{ key = "2", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=1}},
{ key = "3", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=2}},
{ key = "4", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=3}},
{ key = "5", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=4}},
{ key = "6", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=5}},
{ key = "7", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=6}},
{ key = "8", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=7}},
{ key = "9", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTab=8}},
-- { key = "l", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{EmitEvent="toggle-ligature"}},
{ key = "n", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTabRelative=1}},
{ key = "p", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{ActivateTabRelative=-1}},
{ key = "&", mods = "LEADER|SHIFT", action=wezterm.action{CloseCurrentTab={confirm=true}}},
{ key = "x", mods = "LEADER", action=wezterm.action{CloseCurrentPane={confirm=true}}},
{ key = "w", mods = "ALT", action = wezterm.action({ CopyTo = "Clipboard" }) },
{ key = "y", mods = "CTRL", action = wezterm.action({ PasteFrom = "Clipboard" }) },
{ key = "Tab", mods = "LEADER", action = wezterm.action({ ActivateTabRelative = 1 }) },
},
}devbox
虚拟化终端工具
安装
curl -fsSL https://get.jetpack.io/devbox | bash初始化devbox
devbox init在dev.json添加依赖
{
"packages": ["python310"]
}启动新命令行
devbox shell添加/删除全局环境变量
devbox global add ripgrep vim git
devbox global remove ripgreps
## 从文件中导入全局变量
devbox global pull /path/to/devbox.json
## 从github repo中导入全局配置
devbox global pull https://raw.githubusercontent.com/org/repo/branch/path/to/devbox.json查看当前环境变量
devbox global list运行脚本
Dev.json
"shell": {
"init_hook": "echo \"Hello \"",
"scripts": {
"echo_once": "echo \"World\"",
"echo_twice": [
"echo \"World\"",
"echo \"Again\""
]
}
}运行脚本
$ devbox run echo_once
Installing nix packages. This may take a while... done.
Starting a devbox shell...
Hello
World
$ devbox run echo_twice
Installing nix packages. This may take a while... done.
Starting a devbox shell...
Hello
World
Againdevbox plugin
devbox 服务
devbox services up postgresql运行你自己的服务
# Process compose for starting django
version: "0.5"
processes:
django:
command: python todo_project/manage.py runserver
availability:
restart: "always"neofetch
能够获取当前的操作系统、环境信息、内存、CPU等信息
macos安装
brew install neofetchhttps://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch/wiki/Installation
sdkman
包管理软件，类似于brew包管理
安装
curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bashteaxyz
orbstack
好用的镜像管理软件，替代docker desktop
sshx
https://github.com/ekzhang/sshx
汇总
https://v2ex.com/t/862138#reply123
命令行工具
fig
script-kit
tailspin
日志查看工具
https://github.com/bensadeh/tailspin
wave
多ssh连接管理工具
https://www.waveterm.dev/download
翻译软件
Bob
翻译软件
https://github.com/ripperhe/Bob
键盘管理
Karabiner-Elements
https://github.com/pqrs-org/Karabiner-Elements
SwitchHosts
浏览器控制
choosy
https://choosy.app/download/2.3.1
browserosaurus
finicky
https://github.com/johnste/finicky
笔记软件
Notion客户端
Notion的笔记操作最小单位为Block，Block种类非常多（Text、Page、database、toggle list。。等等）每一篇笔记页面可使用任意个Block组成，即笔记内容可任由编写并依据个人喜好呈现，就像玩积木一般拼凑出你想要呈现出的方式，并且官方持续优化，功能越来越强
完成的每份笔记可再视内容，整合归类之后利用Table、Board、Timeline、Calendar、list、gallery等六种方式呈现，来达到合适的咨询分享功能
https://notion-enhancer.github.io/getting-started/installation/
Obsidian
Obsidian笔记的最大特色是采用一想法、一笔记的概念，可将每个想法笔记都记为一个节点，并为其设好关键字眼标签，Obsidian就会将有关联性的节点连接起来，形成一个笔记网络
网络中的所有笔记及诶点都是对同一个主题有关联性，当想查一个主题笔记时，就可以拉出一整串关联笔记，不用在茫茫笔记中逐一寻找，有效达到笔记使用效率。
所有灵感发想，学习笔记、思想记事的记录站，当想写文时，相关素材咨讯一律从此规整
扩充功能：Review flashcards的练习应用，针对不是容易理解、记下的内容，透过flashcard方式来提问自己并回想，且可视需要进行补充或者更新
介绍： https://vocus.cc/article/623d7411fd8978000174880b
marta
比原生更好用的文件夹管理软件
Raycast
全局搜索软件
Alfred
1Password
资源
https://wylin.netlify.app/pages/whats-on-my-mac/
Nginx
安装nginx
brew install nginxmac osnginx默认配置目录
/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf启动nginx
ngxin重启nginx
nginx -s reload关闭nginx
//先查询nginx对应端口号
ps -ef | grep nginx
501 53536 1 0 3:34下午 ?? 0:00.00 nginx: master process nginx
501 53569 53536 0 3:36下午 ?? 0:00.00 nginx: worker process
501 53611 52121 0 3:38下午 ttys000 0:00.00 grep nginx
kill nginx: master 端口号，即53536
kill -QUIT 53536